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Trimetazidine (CAS 5011-34-7): Applications and Competitive Advantages in Manufacturing
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Introduction
Trimetazidine (CAS 5011-34-7), a piperazine derivative with the molecular formula C₁₄H₂₂N₂O₃ and a molecular weight of 266.34 g/mol, is a clinically significant metabolic modulator widely used in the management of chronic cardiovascular conditions such as angina pectoris and heart failure. Originally developed under the brand name Vastarel®, this compound enhances myocardial energy efficiency by shifting cellular metabolism from fatty acid oxidation to glucose utilization, thereby preserving adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels during ischemic episodes. Beyond its established therapeutic roles, Trimetazidine is increasingly explored for applications in diabetic cardiomyopathy and pulmonary disorders, underscoring its pharmacological versatility. This article examines the multifaceted applications of Trimetazidine and highlights the manufacturing excellence of leading producers, emphasizing their technological innovation, quality control, and market leadership.
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Chemical and Pharmacological Profile
Trimetazidine’s unique structure—comprising a 2,3,4-trimethoxybenzyl group attached to a piperazine ring—enables selective inhibition of long-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, a key enzyme in fatty acid β-oxidation. This metabolic shift reduces oxygen demand and mitigates ischemic damage, making it a cornerstone in cardiovascular therapeutics. Key properties include:
- Mechanism of Action : Optimizes glucose oxidation, improves ATP synthesis, and reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.
- Pharmacokinetics : Rapid oral absorption with a bioavailability of ~90%, peak plasma concentrations within 2–4 hours, and a half-life of 6–8 hours.
- Synergistic Use : Often combined with antiplatelet agents or beta-blockers to enhance angina management.
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Therapeutic Applications
1. Angina Pectoris
Trimetazidine is a first-line therapy for stable angina, offering symptom relief without hemodynamic effects (e.g., heart rate or blood pressure changes). Clinical trials demonstrate:
- Extended Exercise Tolerance : Delays angina onset by 20–30% during physical exertion.
- Reduced Nitrate Dependency : Lowers the frequency of acute angina attacks and nitrate use by 40–60%.
2. Heart Failure
Although not a primary treatment, Trimetazidine adjunctively improves functional capacity in heart failure patients:
- Symptomatic Relief : Enhances exercise tolerance and reduces hospitalization rates, even without significant improvements in ejection fraction.
- Anti-Remodeling Effects : Attenuates ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis in preclinical models.
3. Emerging Applications
- Diabetic Cardiomyopathy : Preclinical studies suggest Trimetazidine mitigates myocardial insulin resistance and oxidative stress in diabetic models.
- Pulmonary Hypertension : Early research indicates potential in reducing right ventricular overload via metabolic modulation.
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Manufacturing Excellence: Key Players and Competitive Advantages
1. Delta Bio (Deltabio, China)
A leader in high-purity pharmaceutical intermediates, Delta Bio specializes in Trimetazidine synthesis with:
- Purity Standards : ≥98% purity validated via HPLC and LC-MS, meeting pharmacopeial guidelines.
- Green Chemistry : Utilizes solvent recycling and biocatalytic processes to minimize environmental impact.
- Logistics Expertise : Ensures stability with cold-chain transportation (ice packs for powders, argon-filled packaging for light-sensitive batches).
2. Hubei Sihuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (China)
A GMP-certified manufacturer, Hubei Sihuan offers:
- Scalability : Multi-ton production capacity to meet global demand.
- Regulatory Compliance : Adherence to FDA and EMA standards for active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).
3. Jiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group (China)
With over 40 years of experience, Suzhong excels in:
- Cost Efficiency : Patented synthesis routes reduce production costs by 25–30% while maintaining >99% yield.
- Customization : Develops isotopically labeled derivatives (e.g., Trimetazidine-d8) for pharmacokinetic studies.
4. Toronto Research Chemicals (TRC, Canada)
A global supplier of research-grade compounds, TRC provides:
- Analytical Rigor : NMR and GC-MS validation for identity, potency, and impurity profiling (residual solvents <0.6%).
- Inventory Scale : Maintains over 250,000 specialty chemicals, ensuring rapid availability for niche research needs.